The illustration depicts a pivotal moment in Alice’s journey through Wonderland. After following the White Rabbit down the rabbit hole, Alice finds herself in a strange hall with many doors. On a glass table, she discovers a small bottle with a label that reads "Drink Me." After some hesitation, Alice drinks from the bottle, causing her to shrink to a very small size. This transformation is one of the many surreal experiences Alice undergoes in the topsy-turvy world of Wonderland.